J. J. Thomson, (1909), Electricity and Matter chapter: Chapter 1. Representation of the electric field by lines of force, pages: 1–35, place: London, publisher: Archibald Constable & Co. (quote from p. 25)
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I have in my "Recent Researches on Electricity and Magnetism" calculated the amount of momentum at any point in the electric field, and have shown that if N is the number of Faraday tubes passing through a unit area drawn at right angles to the direction, B the magnetic induction, θ the angle between the induction and the Faraday tubes, then the momentum per unit volume is equal to N B sin θ, the direction of the momentum being at right angles to the magnetic induction and also to the Faraday tubes. Many of you will notice that the momentum is parallel to what is known as Poynting's vector—the vector whose direction gives the direction in which energy is flowing through the field.

— J. J. Thomson on Poynting vector

What It Means

This is a placeholder explanation generated by the low-overhead model. It interprets "I have in my "Recent Researches on Electricity and Magnetism" calculated the amount of momentum at any point in the electric field, and have shown that if N is the number of Faraday tubes passing through a unit area drawn at right angles to the direction, B the magnetic induction, θ the angle between the induction and the Faraday tubes, then the momentum per unit volume is equal to N B sin θ, the direction of the momentum being at right angles to the magnetic induction and also to the Faraday tubes. Many of you will notice that the momentum is parallel to what is known as Poynting's vector—the vector whose direction gives the direction in which energy is flowing through the field." in the context of "J. J. Thomson, (1909), Electricity and Matter chapter: Chapter 1. Representation of the electric field by lines of force, pages: 1–35, place: London, publisher: Archibald Constable & Co. (quote from p. 25)" to mean that wisdom is timeless.

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Source: Wikiquote: "Poynting vector" (Quotes) The 'What it means' explanation text was generated by Google Gemini Flash (accessed January 18, 2026). https://gemini.google.com/app
J. J. Thomson

About J. J. Thomson

Sir Joseph John Thomson, OM, FRS (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940), often known as J. J. Thomson, was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron, the discovery of the first subatomic particle, isotopes, and the invention of the mass spectrometer.